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(No Model. 2 Shets-Sheet 1 W. PQBROWNE. PROGESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS. No. 554,286)" Patented Feb. 11, 1896.

W INVENTOH JZM a WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

W P BROWNE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING'GAS.

No. 554,236. Pate ntedfeb. 11, 1896.,

I v I (IQ/VENTOH W/TNESSES M fin Z) 1411/ TATES NlTE ATENT rrr cn.

\VILLIAM FRANK BROYVNE, OF NElV YORK, N. Y.

FEPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 554,236, dated February 11, 1896.

Application filed May 27,1895. $erial No. 550,736. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Apparatus for Making Gas and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to manufacturing illuminating and heating gas from a mixture or emulsion of water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material in heated conduits or coils.

The object of my invention is to provide for quickly and economically generating a combustible gas by forcing an emulsion of water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material through a heated conduit or coil, and then forcing the resulting gas or vapor, together with hot products of combustion, through a separate heated conduit and therein causing decomposition and recomposition to form a fixed gas.

A special object of my invention is toprovide for utilizing the hot products of combustion arising from burning a gaseous vapor by mixing such products with rich hydrocarbon gas or vapor, and causing mutual decomposition and recomposition of the mixture in the heated conduit for producing a fixed gas.

My invention also relates to the construction and arrangement of apparatus used in carrying out the process.

My gas-generating apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the generator with some of the connecting parts in elevation. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the generator, the emulsion-pumps, steam-boiler, and pipe connections.

The generating-furnace A Bis constructed of an iron jacket or shell preferably composed of cast cylindrical sections A bolted together, and an interior brick lining resting upon a suitable foundation X. The furnace is closed at the top by a metallic dome A, having a smoke-stack A containing a valve or dan1- per a.

An ash-pit B is constructed centrally at the base of the furnace, and above it there is formed the combustion-chamber B, which contains the generating and superheating coils. The brick lining is constructed with circumferential ledges c c c for supporting the different sets of coils, as D, L and M. The coil D, which is used for generating the fuel gas or vapor which is burned within the combustion-chamber or the furnace is preferably placed at the top of the furnace, just below dome A, and it is secured to and supported by arched bars q, the individual coils being attached to said bars by staples t. The inlet-pipe (:1 of the coil leads from the emulsion-pump I-I preferably through the smokestack and connects centrally with the coil, and the outlet cl connects with the lower end of the coil and extends down and into the airsupply pipe F, where it terminates in a nozzle (1''. Pipe d passes out through the dome through a gland and stuffing-box y, and near its lower end is provided with a valve 6. The air-supply pipe F is open at the front, and is provided with an expansion and valve chamber f, within which is hung the conical valve g, which is connected to a cord or chain g, passing up through the hollow standard a and over'a pulley g, and has connected to its outer end. the conical counterbalanceweight g.

The conical counterweight g hangs partly in a circular opening in a plate supported by the standard a, so as to indicate by its position in said opening the corresponding position of the conical valve 9 with reference to its seat in the chamber f, for indicating the amount of air being supplied to the burner. The burner E is connected by an elbow with the pipe F and is placed centrally withinthe ash-pit B and opens upwardly into the combustion-chamber, so as to discharge flame and hot products in contact with the different sets of coils.

The primary generating-coil L for generating gas to be delivered from the apparatus is secured to and supported by the arched bars 7", which rest at their lower ends upon the ledge c of the brick lining. The individual coils are secured to the arched bars 1" by staples t. The emulsion-supply pipe Z connects centrally with the upper end of the coil L and also with the emulsion-pump K. The

outlet end Z passes upward from the lower end of the coil L and terminates at its upper end in a nozzle Z, which is inserted into a T- fitting n at the induction end of the combining and fixing coil M, as shown in Fig. 1. The T-fitting n has also an openingm for products of combustion which are drawn into the coil by the jet of gaseous vapor escaping through the nozzle 1. The combining and fixing coil Io M is secured to and supported by the bars 8, which rest upon the ledge c of the brickwork. The individual turns of the coil M are secured by staples t to the bars 3. The outlet-pipe M for fixed gas leads off from the lower end of coil M, through the glands and stuffing-box 1 secured to the wall of the furnace, and thence to a washer or directly to a holder or any desired place of use.

The emulsion-supply pipes (Z and Z are re- 2o spectively provided with valves 6 and e", and they connect with the emulsion-pumps II and K, as shown in Fig. 2. The steam-supply pipes 70 and '6, provided respectively with valves 7t and 71;, lead from the steam-boiler I and connect withthe engines of the pumps K and H. I-Iydrocarbon oil and water may be supplied to the pumps by the pipes O and IV and their connections P and P. In practice I preferably use a double-acting propor- 0 tionating plunger-pump such as covered by my Patent No. 532,037, dated January 15, 1895, by means of which water and oil in the desired proportions are separately drawn into the pump, intimately mixed therein, and then 3 5 forced out under pressure through a supplypipe into the generating coil or coils. The construction of the pump is such that water and oil in any desired proportion can be drawn into the pump and mixed to form an emulsion.

The emulsion of water and hydrocarbon oil may be first made by a separate emulsionpump and stored in a tank or reservoir and be pumped therefrom by an ordinary pump and supplied to the generating-coils. Emulwater and oil may be stored in two separate tanks for separately supplying the coils D supplied to the coils D for generating the fuel gas or vapor to be burned in the generatingabout ninety per cent. of water to ten per cent.

of crude hydrocarbon oil, such as petroleum,

ing-coil should, preferably, be composed of about sixty per cent. of water to forty per aowdered anthracite or bituminous coal for making an emulsion or mixture with water coils for producing gas.

The operation of making gas is conducted open, a quantity of oily waste and wood are placed in the ash-pit chamber B and ignited sions composed of different proportions of and the generating-coils L. The emulsion furnace should, preferably, be composed of 55 while the emulsion supplied to the generat- [cent of oil. Instead of using oil, I may use and force such emulsion into the generatingas follows: The S1I10k6-StLOk damper a being and allowed to burn by natural draft until the generating-coils are sufficiently heated. A suitable emulsion of water and oil is now forced through the coils D, in which it is converted into a combustible vapor or gas which is forced through pipes cl and nozzle cl to the burner E. The escaping jet of vapor draws ,aini n through pipe F, and the mixture is burned at burner E. The products of combustion are allowed to escape through the smoke-stack until the furnace and coils are properly heated, after which damper a will be partially closed and part of the products passed into the combining and fixing coil M. A sufficient quantity of air is supplied, through pipe F, to the DHIIIBFEO produce complete combustion of the carbureted hydrogen or carbonic oxide contained in the gaseous vapor, and the combustion thereof will produce complete decomposition of the contained watery vapor, resulting in the production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and free hydrogen. The generating-coils L having been heated to the required temperature, an emulsion ofarateizandhydroczuboiroil or carbonaceousmatorial is forced into the coil through pipe Z, resulting in the production of a gaseous vapor containing carbureted hydrogen, carbon monoxide and free hydrogen. This mixed gas, which may not be fully fixed, is forced through the jet-nozzle Z into the T- fitting 'n/ and draws in through the opening on a suitable proportion of gaseous products rising through the combustion-chamber. The mixture of gases and vapors are then forced through the combining and fixing coil M, wherein decomposition and recomposition are effected and a fixed illuminatinggas produced. Any carbonic acid present in the gas first forced into the coil M is therein converted into carbonic oxide. Any water vapor present is also fully decomposed and converted into carbonic oxide and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon vapor is converted into fixed carbureted hydrogen. The emulsion of water and oil forced into coil L will be sufficiently rich in hydrocarbon to produce with the products of combustion introduced into the coil M a high candlepower illuminating-gas. The fixed gas finally escapes through the pipe M to a washer or scrubber or directly to a holder, as preferred.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. The process of making gas which consists in first producing a gas or gaseous vapor by forcing water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material, in suitable proportions, into a heated conduit, then forcing the resulting gas or vapor together with products of combustion through a heated conduit and therein causing decomposition and recomposition to form a fixed gas.

2. The process of making gas which consists in first producing a gas or gaseous vapor by forcing water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material into a heated conduit, and by means of a jet of the resulting gas or ICC IIf

vapor drawing products of combustion into a heated conduit wherein decomposition and recomposition are eifected and then discharging the resulting fixed gas to a place of stor age or use.

3. The process of making gas which consists in generating gaseous vapor from Water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material in a heated conduit and burning such gaseous vapor, and at the same time producing a gas or gaseous vapor by forcing water and hydrocarbon oil or carbonaceous material into a heated conduit, and, by means of a jet of the resulting gas or vapor forcing hot products of combustion from said'burned gas or vapor into and through a heated conduit, thereby producing fixed gas.

4. The combination with a furnace, of a generating coil or conduit, provided with a suitable discharge-nozzle a second coil having an inlet-opening for products of combustion in the combustion-chamber, said discharge-nozzle projecting into the inlet end of said secondcoil for drawing into it products of combustion and means for forcing water and carbonaceous material into said generating-coil, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a furnace, a generating-coil therein for producing fuel gas or vapor, a burner having an air-supply pipe, a pipe connecting the generating-coil with said air-pipe and burner, of a separate generatin g coil, or conduit terminating in a dischargenozzle,a combining and fixing coil having an inlet-opening for products of combustion in the combustion-chamber,said dischargenozzle projecting into the inlet end of said combining and fixing coil for discharging therein a jet of gaseous vapor and thereby drawing in products of combustion, and means for forcing an emulsion or mixture of water and carbonaceous material into said generating-coils, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM FRANK BROXV NE.

Witnesses:

EDITH F. MoADAMs, WALTER N. BUFFUM. 

